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For 52 years people were removed from their homes and forced to live on an island off the Queensland coast. More than 500 people were sent to a colony on Peel Island in Moreton Bay, east of Brisbane, from 1907 until its closure in 1959. They all had one thing in common — they had been diagnosed with leprosy. For many it was a life sentence, with about 200 people buried on the island. "It wasn't a hospital. You weren't going there for treatment," Queensland Parks and Wildlife ranger Daley Donnelly said. "The people who were sent there had their freedoms taken away from them. “You were going there because you had to be isolated from society." About 160 acres of the island was proclaimed a lazaret under Queensland's Leprosy Act of 1892. Patients, including children, at lazarets on Friday Island and Stradbroke Island were transferred to the new facility. Leprosy, known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by a type of bacteria that affects the skin and peripheral nerves. There was no treatment for the condition, which can cause progressive and permanent disabilities, until the 1940s. For 31 years there was no surgery at the Peel Island lazaret. A doctor would visit patients on a regular basis, while a matron and superintendent lived on the island. Patients were treated with chaulmoogra oil, which Mr Donnelly described as a "very thick, disgusting smelling liquid" that would be pumped into people's veins. "It made them sick, and it did absolutely nothing for the symptoms that they had," he said. Living conditions an 'obvious example of racism' The Peel Island lazaret was the first mixed race isolation facility in Australia, with patients segregated by sex and race. White people were housed in individual huts, while Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, Melanesians and Chinese patients lived together on another part of the compound. The difference between the accommodation gives an insight into society's attitude at the time, according to University of Queensland Associate Professor Kelly Greenop. "We know that racism existed then, but it's really rare to see such an obvious case of racism in architecture where you can see different buildings being given to different people," she said. "There was not only this desire to separate people out away from each other or from the healthy population, but to break them up into racial groups to avoid this so called mixing of the races which was purported to cause the disease — which, of course, it didn't." The Queenslander newspaper described white patients' huts as lined, ventilated and furnished with a four post bed, spring mattress, table, chair and chest of drawers. Dr Greenop said the huts for people of colour were made of timber and paper bark and were not tall enough to stand in. "This is a pretty harsh way to treat people who are unwell and you do really get a very sombre sense of the history and heritage of the place when you're there," she said. In 1940, 49 Indigenous patients were transferred to Fantome Island, in the Palm Island group, leaving 32 people at Peel Island. Dr Greenop led a project UQ conducted in partnership with the CSIRO to create a digital model of the heritage-listed site using 3D laser scanning technology. This allowed the team to digitally recreate buildings that are missing to understand the scale of the operation at its height. "It's a site in decay, and it's juxtaposed with the surrounding landscape and the Moreton Bay sea scape," she said. Concerns raised by patients and families Patients and their families raised concerns over treatment and living conditions at the lazaret throughout the 52 years. In a series of letters to the state in 1908 patients asked for "food suitable for the disease", their clothes to be washed and to be given the "run of the beach for sea bathing". A South Sea Islander patient said rain would come through his bark roof. "All the other coloured lepers have the same complaints to make as I have and they also complain that some of them have no houses to live in and have to live in tents," he said in a letter. Patients also objected to the same dray carting night soil, dead bodies and provisions. In response to the concerns, medical officer Linford Elfe Row, who was stationed at Dunwich on North Stradbroke Island, told the state it was "absolutely untrue" patients weren't given proper medicine and said he visited the island at least once a week. In 1918 two inmates were reported to the Department of Public Health as missing from the lazaret with two loaves of bread. The superintendent said it was difficult to get information from other patients as "they never give each other away in anything connected with themselves". In 1921 relatives complained to the Home Secretary Office about how little time they had to visit the island. Mr Donnelly said patients had to "fight every step of the way" for improved conditions and formed their own committee. He said there were reports of two patients escaping from the island during World War II and catching a train to Canberra to speak with the federal health minister and advocate for themselves. Eric Reye became the first medical officer to live on the island in 1947 to help administer a new treatment to patients. In an interview as part of the Redland City Council's oral history project, Dr Reye said the first year with the sulfone drug Promin was difficult. He said the daily injections proved to be working and then they progressed to oral medication and "never looked back". Island a 'prison without bars' for mother June Mary Berthelsen, who was sent to the lazaret for 22 months from 1956 to 1958, described it as a "prison without bars". In an interview in 1994, as part of the Redland City Council's oral history project, she said she had sought medical treatment after developing a rash which looked like "white marbles" under her skin. Despite being a nurse herself, she had never seen anything like it. When she heard the diagnosis "everything just stopped". "My mind went blank, I couldn't think," she said. Mrs Berthelsen was told she would have to go away to Peel Island, leaving behind her husband and three children. "If we'd been in an ordinary hospital you'd have been treated at least as a human being," she said. "Over there, I always used to feel sub-human, as though I wasn't really existing. "It was a prison without bars." When asked to describe a day on the island she said: "You can't describe a day when you don't do anything". "There was just nothing to do, and nobody cared what you did, anyway." Patients hospitalised as facility closes In 1958 doctor Morgan Gabriel, who lived on the island with his young family, raised questions at an international congress in Japan about the need to isolate patients. It was recommended restrictive conditions practised in many countries be relaxed, which led to the decision to abandon the lazaret and treat patients in hospital. To be released, patients had to have 12 successive negative tissue smears each month. In 1958 this was reduced to three negative smears. The remaining patients were removed from the island on August 5, 1959, and taken to the Princess Alexandra Hospital in South Brisbane. The island today From 1998 the Friends of Peel Island Association took people over to the site for tours and to conduct working bees. Former president Scott Fowle said the volunteers spent up to 500 hours maintaining, cleaning and painting the buildings and tending to the cemetery up until the group disbanded in 2020. For Mr Fowle one of the most significant contributions the group made was refurbishing the Catholic Church from the 1920s, originally a female hut, in 2010 which then held up to three services a year. Mr Donnelly, who works with the QPWS heritage parks unit, said the lazaret was an important part of Queensland's history. “It's a microcosm of Queensland society in the 20th century,” he said. Peel island was declared as Teerk Roo Ra national park in 2007 and today is jointly managed by the Quandamooka Yoolooburrabee Aboriginal Corporation and Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. While people can pull up in their boats on the island for a swim at Horseshoe Bay, the lazaret site can only be accessed on request. Mr Donnelly said this was not only for the protection of the site but also for people’s safety because of decay. “There's nothing like being in situ... and getting a sense of the different compounds, and looking out at the beautiful views of the bay and over to Moreton Island," he said. Related topics History Infectious Diseases Peel IslandNational Day enshrines values of unity, solidarity
Beth Dooley | (TNS) The Minnesota Star Tribune The holidays loom large. Parties, gift-shopping, school programs, recitals, family gatherings — there’s really no time to cook. Related Articles Restaurants Food and Drink | Roasted orange delivers big flavor in this smoky chicken traybake Restaurants Food and Drink | Winter can be a time of culinary abundance. Experts share tips on eating nutritiously Restaurants Food and Drink | California’s Dungeness crab season delayed again south of the Mendocino County line Restaurants Food and Drink | Recipe: How to make Peanut Butter Dog Biscuits your pup will love Restaurants Food and Drink | Simple fixes give after-dinner cocktails some holiday flair. Here are 5 recipes from the pros But there is! Here are three quick and easy recipes you can hustle to the table in 30 minutes or less. Relax, take a deep breath and know that dinner is served. Serves 4. Making grilled cheese for more than one can be tricky. Here, the sheet pan does the work; the sandwiches are ready all at once. Try our suggested fillings or just enjoy them plain in all their gooey deliciousness. From Beth Dooley. Directions Preheat the oven to 425 degrees. Line a large sheet pan with parchment paper. Spread the butter to the edge of 4 slices of bread. Place the slices butter-side down on the sheet pan. Top with the sliced cheese and add a layer of the filling, then top with the remaining slices of bread. Put the pan in the oven and cook until the butter is thoroughly melted and bottom slices are turning golden and the cheese is melting, about 8 to 10 to minutes. Flip the sandwiches. Continue cooking until the top layer of bread begins to turn golden and the cheese is melted. Turn the oven to broil and toast the top layer, watching closely, this goes quickly, about 30 seconds to 1 minute. Flip the bread and toast the other side, about 15 to 20 seconds or so. Remove, cut and serve. Quick Skillet Chicken with Lemon, Tahini and Warm Spices will come together quickly and can be served on a bed of greens or pasta. (Ashley Moyna Schwickert/For the Minnesota Star Tribune) Serves 4 to 6. A simple marinade of pantry staples — lemon, tahini, olive oil and a little honey — keeps the chicken moist and becomes the sauce for finishing the dish. Serve on a bed of dark greens or cooked rice. From Beth Dooley. Directions In a large bowl, whisk together the lemon, tahini, honey and olive oil. Measure out 1⁄2 of the mixture into a separate bowl. This is to sauce the chicken after it’s cooked. If it seems too thick, whisk in a little water. Season the chicken with salt and pepper and pound with the flat edge of a knife to even out the width a bit. Put the chicken into the bowl of marinade and turn to coat. Film a heavy skillet with more oil and set over high heat. When the oil begins to ripple, add the chicken, reduce the heat to medium and cook, flipping after about 5 to 7 minutes, and continuing, until cooked through, about 10 to 15 minutes. (The chicken should reach 165 on an instant-read thermometer when done.) Remove the chicken from the skillet, set on a cutting board to rest for about 10 minutes. Slice the meat in long strokes against the grain. Serve on a bed of greens or rice, garnished with a drizzle of sauce, chopped herbs and a few thinly sliced lemons. Pass additional sauce on the side. One-Pot Pasta with Sausage, Tomato and Spinach is a quick but hearty meal for busy, chilly nights. (Ashley Moyna Schwickert/For the Minnesota Star Tribune) Serves 4 to 6. You only need one pot for this simple pasta. The sausage adds the seasoning, the onions turn sweetly golden, cherry tomatoes burst into a luscious sauce. A squeeze of lemon at the end livens things up. From Beth Dooley. Directions Film a large heavy pot or Dutch oven with the oil and set over medium heat. Add the onion and sauté until it turns limp and golden, about 3 to 5 minutes. Stir in the sausage, breaking apart with a spatula until it crumbles, about 4 to 5 minutes. Stir in the tomatoes and the stock, scraping up the bottom of the pan to release browned bits that stick to the bottom. Bring to a boil. Add the pasta, stirring well and continue boiling for about 4 to 5 minutes. Turn the heat down to a brisk simmer, stirring to keep the pasta from sticking to the bottom of the pot. If the sauce becomes too thick and the pasta begins to stick, stir in water, about 1⁄4 cup at a time. Simmer until the sauce is mostly absorbed and the pasta is tender, about 15 minutes. Turn off the heat and stir in the spinach, then stir in the cheese. Add lemon juice to taste. Serve garnished with the chopped parsley. Beth Dooley is the author of “The Perennial Kitchen.” Find her at bethdooleyskitchen.com. ©2024 The Minnesota Star Tribune. Visit at startribune.com. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.6,000 inmates escape from a high-security prison as post-election violence roils Mozambique
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