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New research has revealed that the majority of teachers are hesitant or uninterested in utilising artificial intelligence (AI) for student learning and assessment. A study conducted by BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, involving over 5,000 teachers discovered that 64% are not professionally using AI tools such as ChatGPT, with 19% expressing no interest in future use. The survey also highlighted a lack of clarity regarding school policies on AI, with 41% of respondents stating their school lacks an agreed approach to AI, and 17% unsure if any policy exists. The study, which encompassed 2,000 secondary schools in England, found that despite the widespread availability of AI tools, 84% of those surveyed have not altered their methods of assessing student work, and only 41% regularly check homework or coursework for content plagiarised from the web via AI tools. In its report, BCS advocates for the inclusion of AI understanding as a significant component of teacher training, in addition to broader digital literacy. The IT organisation suggests that schools should establish and publish AI policies on their websites, but emphasises the need for clear guidance from the Department for Education, qualifications regulator Ofqual, and other bodies. Julia Adamson, BCS's Managing Director for Education and Public Benefit, highlighted the promise of AI in education: "Teachers see the opportunity AI presents to transform their work and the lives of their students, from saving time on lesson plans, to personalising learning for each young person." She emphasised, however, the need for adequate training: "But they need better training and guidance to grow in confidence with AI, to make sure it is used fairly and that it doesn’t cause greater disadvantage in the education system." Sarah Hannafin, NAHT Policy Head, acknowledged the potential of AI but urged cautious implementation: "While it is clear that AI has huge potential benefits for schools and children’s learning, it is important that these are harnessed in the right way." She added that, despite the potential, professionals require support: "It is understandable that school leaders and teachers need training and guidance in order to feel confident using AI. It is also true that no AI tool is infallible or can replace the judgement and knowledge of a human expert. There are also lots of safeguarding and ethical considerations around use of this technology."betbi go777 com 。

December 12, 2024 This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies . Editors have highlightedthe following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility: fact-checked peer-reviewed publication trusted source proofread by Steve Lundeberg, Oregon State University Oregon State University researchers have synthesized new molecules able to quickly capture significant amounts of carbon dioxide from the air, an important tactic in climate change mitigation. The study, which focused on titanium peroxides, builds on their earlier research into vanadium peroxides. The research is part of large-scale federal effort to innovate new methods and materials for direct air capture, or DAC, of carbon dioxide, produced by the burning of fossil fuels. Findings of the research, led by May Nyman and Karlie Bach of the OSU College of Science, were published today in Chemistry of Materials . Nyman's team is exploring how some transition metal complexes can react with air to remove carbon dioxide and convert it to a metal carbonate, similar to what is found in many naturally occurring minerals. Transition metals are located near the center of the periodic table and their name arises from the transition of electrons from low energy to high energy states and back again, giving rise to distinctive colors. Facilities that filter carbon dioxide from the air are still in their infancy. Technologies for mitigating carbon dioxide at the point of entry into the atmosphere, such as at power plants , are more mature. Both types of carbon capture will likely be needed if the Earth is to avoid the worst outcomes of climate change, the scientists say. At present there are a combined 18 active direct air capture plants operating in the United States, Canada and Europe, with plans for an additional 130 around the globe. Challenges to direct air capture include big costs and high energy requirements compared to working with industrial exhausts. Additionally, the atmosphere's concentration of carbon dioxide, four parts per million, is low, challenging the performance of carbon capture materials. "We opted to look into titanium as it's 100 times cheaper than vanadium, more abundant, more environmentally friendly and already well established in industrial uses," said Bach, a graduate student in Nyman's lab. "It also is right next to vanadium on the periodic table, so we hypothesized that the carbon capture behavior could be similar enough to vanadium to be effective." Bach, Nyman and the rest of the research team made several new tetraperoxo titanate structures—a titanium atom coordinated with four peroxide groups—that showed varying abilities to scrub carbon dioxide from the air. Tetraperoxo structures tend to be highly reactive because of the peroxide groups, which are potent oxidizing agents. Related peroxotitanates have been studied for their potential uses in catalysis, environmental chemistry and materials science. However, the tetraperoxotitanates in this study had never been definitively synthesized; Bach was able to use inexpensive materials for high-yield chemical reactions. "Our favorite carbon capture structure we discovered is potassium tetraperoxo titanate, which is extra unique because it turns out it is also a peroxosolvate," Bach said. "That means that in addition to having the peroxide bonds to titanium, it also has hydrogen peroxide in the structure, which is what we believe makes it so reactive." The measured carbon capture capacity was about 8.5 millimoles carbon dioxide per gram of potassium tetraperoxo titanate—roughly double that of vanadium peroxide. "Titanium is a cheaper, safer material with a significantly higher capacity," Bach said. Named for the titans of Greek mythology, titanium is as strong as steel but much lighter. It's non-toxic, does not easily corrode and is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust—found in rocks, soil, plants and even the human body in trace amounts. Other Oregon State authors on the paper included assistant professors Tim Zuehlsdorff and Konstantinos Goulas, postdoctoral researcher Eduard Garrido Ribó, graduate students Jacob Hirschi, Zhiwei Mao and Makenzie Nord and crystallographer Lev Zakharov, interim manager of OSU's X-Ray Diffraction Facility. More information: Karlie Bach et al, Tetraperoxotitanates for High-Capacity Direct Air Capture of Carbon Dioxide, Chemistry of Materials (2024). DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01795 Journal information: Chemistry of Materials Provided by Oregon State University

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