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On the night of November 15, at around 12:45 am, a leopard approached a residential area in the Cholicha Mala neighbourhood of Nirgudasar village in Manchar in Ambegaon tehsil. A loud siren began to sound, and a yellow beam of light was reflected as soon as the leopard set his foot close to 30-35 metres from a dwelling. This scared the wild cat, and he fled the area. This warning mechanism prevented a possible leopard attack. This was not the only incident, several other incidents were also reported and recorded in Ambegaon and Junnar tehsils, especially in the hotspot areas, where the newly inducted warning mechanism has proven effective in preventing the leopard attacks. The system is based on the Animal Intrusion Detection and Repellent System (Anider) technology, a state-of-the-art solution designed to detect the presence of wildlife near farmlands and human habitations. It is equipped with sensors that can detect the movement of wild animals near the designated areas. Once detected, the system triggers a response through sound sirens and high beam lights, aimed at deterring wildlife from entering the areas and preventing potential damage to crops, livestock, and human beings. The approximate cost for the Anider ranges between ₹ 18,000 and ₹ 20,000. The Junnar forest department claims that the system is showing good results in preventing the leopard attacks in Junnar and Ambegaon tehsil. Smita Rajhans, assistant conservator, Junnar forest department, said, “Currently, we have 55 Aniders placed at various locations including 20 in Junnar, 20 in Otur 20, 10 in Shirur and 5 in Manchar. The system not only alarms people about the leopard’s presence but also saves the animal. We do not need to harm the leopard or even trap the wild cat, the animal moves away on its own, which also helps keep the big cat safe.” “It is a manually operated system, and we are seeing a decrease in interaction especially in the hotspot areas,” said Rajhans. The forest department is trying to combine this system with its solar fencing project to enhance the safety of villagers and wild animals. So far at least 10 people including 6 in Junnar and 4 in Shirur have received the benefits of the solar fencing scheme. The scheme will be expanded to hundreds of other people in leopard-prone tehsils, said officials. Sagar More, a farmer in Shiroli Khurd village of Junnar tehsil, said, “The leopard recently killed our pet dogs after which we installed the solar fencing around our home. Recently, when the leopard came in contact with this fencing, he suffered a minor current and ran away, since then we haven’t seen a leopard presence around the house.” Apart from solar fencing, the department is also making efforts to protect the marginal community including shepherds, farm workers, and labourers from possible leopard attacks. These people mostly sleep in open places and are very prone to such attacks. To protect such vulnerable people, the forest department has come up with a solar lamp and tent distribution scheme. The department has purchased nearly 400 solar lamps and an equal number of tents. In the first phase 85 lamps and tents were distributed to the shepherds in Junnar tehsil and further distribution is going on. “While Anider system and solar fencing seem effective in protecting the people living in houses, the tents and solar lamps will help protect the marginal community. The tents will not only safeguard the shepherds from leopard attack but also protect them from snakebite and rough weather conditions,” said Amol Satpute, deputy conservator, Junnar forest department.

Andrej Stojakovic made 11 free throws to help craft a team-high 20 points, freshman Jeremiah Wilkinson had his second consecutive big game off the bench and Cal ran its winning streak to three with an 83-77 nonconference victory over Sacramento State on Sunday afternoon in Berkeley, Calif. Wilkinson finished with 16 points and Rytis Petraitis 13 for the Golden Bears (5-1), whose only loss this season was at Vanderbilt. Jacob Holt went for a season-high 25 points for the Hornets (1-4), who dropped their fourth straight after a season-opening win over Cal State Maritime. Seeking a fourth straight home win, Cal led by as many as 12 points in the first half and 40-33 at halftime before Sacramento State rallied. The Hornets used a 14-5 burst out of the gate following the intermission to grab a 47-45 lead. Julian Vaughns had a 3-pointer and three-point play in the run. But Cal dominated pretty much the rest of the game, taking the lead for good on a Petraitis 3-pointer with 14:50 remaining. Stojakovic, a transfer from rival Stanford, went 11-for-15 at the foul line en route to his third 20-point game of the young season. Cal outscored Sacramento State 26-17 on free throws to more than account for the margin of victory. Coming off a 23-point explosion in his first extended action of the season, Wilkinson hit five of his 10 shots Sunday. The Golden Bears outshot the Hornets 47.2 percent to 43.1 percent. Joshua Ola-Joseph contributed 10 points and six rebounds, Mady Sissoko also had 10 points and Petraitis found time for a team-high five assists. Holt complemented his 25 points with a game-high eight rebounds. He made four 3-pointers, as did Vaughns en route to 18 points, helping Sacramento State outscore Cal 30-21 from beyond the arc. EJ Neal added 16 points for the Hornets, while Emil Skytta tied for game-high assist honors with five to go with seven points. --Field Level MediaOn the night of November 15, at around 12:45 am, a leopard approached a residential area in the Cholicha Mala neighbourhood of Nirgudasar village in Manchar in Ambegaon tehsil. A loud siren began to sound, and a yellow beam of light was reflected as soon as the leopard set his foot close to 30-35 metres from a dwelling. This scared the wild cat, and he fled the area. This warning mechanism prevented a possible leopard attack. This was not the only incident, several other incidents were also reported and recorded in Ambegaon and Junnar tehsils, especially in the hotspot areas, where the newly inducted warning mechanism has proven effective in preventing the leopard attacks. The system is based on the Animal Intrusion Detection and Repellent System (Anider) technology, a state-of-the-art solution designed to detect the presence of wildlife near farmlands and human habitations. It is equipped with sensors that can detect the movement of wild animals near the designated areas. Once detected, the system triggers a response through sound sirens and high beam lights, aimed at deterring wildlife from entering the areas and preventing potential damage to crops, livestock, and human beings. The approximate cost for the Anider ranges between ₹ 18,000 and ₹ 20,000. The Junnar forest department claims that the system is showing good results in preventing the leopard attacks in Junnar and Ambegaon tehsil. Smita Rajhans, assistant conservator, Junnar forest department, said, “Currently, we have 55 Aniders placed at various locations including 20 in Junnar, 20 in Otur 20, 10 in Shirur and 5 in Manchar. The system not only alarms people about the leopard’s presence but also saves the animal. We do not need to harm the leopard or even trap the wild cat, the animal moves away on its own, which also helps keep the big cat safe.” “It is a manually operated system, and we are seeing a decrease in interaction especially in the hotspot areas,” said Rajhans. The forest department is trying to combine this system with its solar fencing project to enhance the safety of villagers and wild animals. So far at least 10 people including 6 in Junnar and 4 in Shirur have received the benefits of the solar fencing scheme. The scheme will be expanded to hundreds of other people in leopard-prone tehsils, said officials. Sagar More, a farmer in Shiroli Khurd village of Junnar tehsil, said, “The leopard recently killed our pet dogs after which we installed the solar fencing around our home. Recently, when the leopard came in contact with this fencing, he suffered a minor current and ran away, since then we haven’t seen a leopard presence around the house.” Apart from solar fencing, the department is also making efforts to protect the marginal community including shepherds, farm workers, and labourers from possible leopard attacks. These people mostly sleep in open places and are very prone to such attacks. To protect such vulnerable people, the forest department has come up with a solar lamp and tent distribution scheme. The department has purchased nearly 400 solar lamps and an equal number of tents. In the first phase 85 lamps and tents were distributed to the shepherds in Junnar tehsil and further distribution is going on. “While Anider system and solar fencing seem effective in protecting the people living in houses, the tents and solar lamps will help protect the marginal community. The tents will not only safeguard the shepherds from leopard attack but also protect them from snakebite and rough weather conditions,” said Amol Satpute, deputy conservator, Junnar forest department.

Kotak Education Foundation introduced communicative English future readiness program for teachers across Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Goa, through its web application, One KEF. The project which is aligned with NEP aims to empower middle- school students with limited exposure to English. It offers digitised content to middle school children from vernacular schools through a learning management system platform. One KEF is available on all android platforms with content accessible to all teachers across the four states through a fully digitized model, ensuring standardization and enhanced accessibility. By incorporating teacher training, the program aims to equip educators with the necessary skills to use digital tools, other resources and content in a way that maximizes learning outcomes for their students. Communicative English skills are important for students to succeed in today’s globalized world. However, students from vernacular medium schools often face significant challenges in mastering speaking in English. KEF, director, education & scholarships Jayasree Ramesh, said, “Our digitised communicative English program is a passport to global opportunities. More than just language learning, this program empowers learners with 21st century skills, fostering critical thinking, problem-solving, and global citizenship. By embedding financial and digital literacy this is truly a future-ready program”. The digitized communicative English language content integrates various disciplines and subject areas into the language learning process. It allows learners to develop language skills while simultaneously gaining knowledge in other fields such as science, history, arts, or technology.AP News Summary at 3:02 p.m. EST

Nvidia Stock May Rise As Musk Aims To Buy $9 Billion In AI Chips - ForbesStocks closed higher on Wall Street, giving the market its fifth gain in a row and notching another record high for the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The S&P 500 rose 0.3% Friday. The Dow added 1%, and the Nasdaq composite tacked on 0.2%. Retailers had some of the biggest gains. Gap soared after reporting quarterly results that easily beat analysts’ estimates. EchoStar fell after DirecTV called off its purchase of that company’s Dish Network unit. European markets closed mostly higher and Asian markets ended mixed. On Friday: The S&P 500 rose 20.63 points, or 0.3%, to 5,969.34. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 426.16 points, or 1%, to 44,296.51. The Nasdaq composite rose 31.23 points, or 0.2%, to 19,003.65. The Russell 2000 index of smaller companies rose 42.65 points, or 1.8%, to 2,406.67. For the week: The S&P 500 is up 98.72 points, or 1.7%. The Dow is up 851.52 points, or 2%. The Nasdaq is up 323.53 points, or 1.7%. The Russell 2000 is up 102.84 points, or 4.5%. For the year: The S&P 500 is up 1,199.51 points, or 25.1%. The Dow is up 6,606.97 points, or 17.5%. The Nasdaq is up 3,992.30 points, or 26.6%. The Russell 2000 is up 379.60 points, or 18.7%.

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Islamic Studies: An Essential Discipline For Contemporary Society In Jammu And Kashmir Urgent reforms needed to ensure quality education and ethical guidance amidst growing neglect Islamic Studies is one of the most vibrant and relevant academic disciplines of contemporary times. In a world grappling with the erosion of ethical values, moral responsibility, and societal harmony, the subject offers a robust framework for understanding ethics, spirituality, and interfaith coexistence. Yet, in Jammu and Kashmir, a region with a rich history of Islamic scholarship and cultural plurality, this discipline is languishing due to systemic neglect, bureaucratic apathy, and short-sighted policies. Despite its immense potential to address critical societal challenges, Islamic Studies remains an overlooked academic pursuit, particularly at the secondary and higher secondary levels, where its foundation is most needed. The significance of Islamic Studies lies not just in its religious and cultural dimensions but also in its ability to mould character, promote moral values, and foster mutual respect among diverse communities. It is a holistic discipline encompassing ethics, philosophy, history, and comparative religion. This multidisciplinary approach is particularly pertinent at a time when societal decay, corruption, and moral decline are rampant. In Jammu and Kashmir, where communal harmony and moral education are vital, Islamic Studies could act as a linchpin in shaping individuals and communities for the better. However, the dismal state of its implementation paints a grim picture. Islamic Studies is currently offered across major universities in Jammu and Kashmir, including the University of Kashmir, the Islamic University of Science and Technology, and Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University. It is also taught in several degree colleges and higher secondary schools, indicating its relevance and demand. However, significant issues persist in its implementation and governance. The inconsistency in teaching Islamic Studies is most apparent at the secondary and higher secondary levels. While the subject enjoys some presence in higher education, its foundation at the formative stages is woefully inadequate. This creates a gap in students’ academic and moral upbringing. Recent revelations through the Right to Information reply disclosed that seven higher secondary schools offering Islamic Studies are without any faculty to teach the subject. This raises a troubling question: how are students in these institutions expected to learn and benefit from this subject without qualified teachers? Such negligence undermines not only the credibility of the subject but also the future of students who wish to pursue it as an academic and professional field. If principles of ethics, character building, and moral reasoning are not imparted during these formative years, how can students be expected to develop a deeper understanding and appreciation for these values later in life? The lack of institutional support and qualified teachers deprives young minds of guidance during their most vulnerable years, leaving them without the tools to traverse the complexities of modern life. A glaring example of this neglect is witnessed in the recent advertisement by the Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission for 575 lecturer posts, which shockingly excluded Islamic Studies altogether. This omission has dashed the hopes of countless postgraduate and doctoral degree holders in the subject, who had been waiting for an opportunity to contribute to academia and society. For years, students have dedicated their time, resources, and energy to pursuing degrees in Islamic Studies, only to find themselves stranded with limited or no employment opportunities. This state of affairs has left many qualified individuals disillusioned and questioning the relevance of their academic pursuits. Subsequently, this neglect not only results in wasting the potential of these scholars but also discourages future generations from pursuing this discipline. On the other hand, the absence of recruitment for Islamic Studies lecturers and the vacant teaching positions in higher secondary schools further compound the issue. It raises several critical questions about who is teaching Islamic Studies in these schools where faculty positions remain unfilled. Are students being taught by unqualified teachers, or are they left to study the subject on their own? If the government is unwilling to address these vacancies and recruit qualified staff, it begs the question of why the subject is being offered at all. Such neglect reflects a broader trend of side-lining humanities and social sciences in favour of technical and vocational education. While technical education is undoubtedly important, it should not come at the expense of disciplines that shape character, promote ethical reasoning, and contribute to societal well-being. The government and educational authorities must recognize the critical role of Islamic Studies in addressing contemporary societal challenges. Immediate steps are needed to rectify the glaring gaps in its implementation and governance. Qualified Islamic Studies teachers must be recruited at the secondary, higher secondary and college levels to ensure that students receive quality education in the subject. Vacant positions should be filled without delay, and the Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission should include positions for Islamic Studies lecturers in their advertisements. Adequate resources, including qualified teachers and updated curricula, must be allocated to ensure the subject’s effective implementation. A comprehensive policy for the promotion of Islamic Studies should be developed, ensuring its integration into the broader educational framework of Jammu and Kashmir. This would provide much-needed employment opportunities for postgraduate and doctoral degree holders in the subject. If meaningful reforms are not undertaken, the future of Islamic Studies in Jammu and Kashmir looks bleak. Students and scholars may abandon the subject altogether, leading to its eventual closure at the secondary and higher education levels. Such a scenario would be a loss not only for the academic community but also for society at large, which stands to benefit immensely from the ethical and moral guidance that Islamic Studies provides. The current trajectory will discourage students from pursuing Islamic Studies, leaving countless young minds without a moral compass to steer the complexities of modern life. The government must act now to prevent this valuable discipline from fading into obscurity. By Dr K Sajad Ahmad [email protected]

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Woodward Reports Record Sales & Earnings for Fiscal Year 2024Daily Post Nigeria Muhammad Nami: VAT attribution and derivation: A personal appeal to all parties Home News Politics Metro Entertainment Sport Opinion Muhammad Nami: VAT attribution and derivation: A personal appeal to all parties Published on November 25, 2024 By Daily Post Staff I have read a ton of views on the proposed Nigeria Tax Administration and other tax reform bills. On one hand, some stakeholders decry the bills as being a contrast to the current administration’s championing for local government autonomy. Some, like the National Economic Council (NEC), last month recommended the withdrawal of the bills, stating that there were too many controversies surrounding it. They called for more inclusion in the stakeholder consultation process. The Northern Governors Forum (NGF) in similar fashion rejected the new derivation-based model for Value Added Tax (VAT) distribution in the bills. On the other hand, some wholly support the bills and believe that their benefits are transformational and necessary. Each stakeholder and commentator holds their view in light of information that is available to them. And that is valid and fair. But before I go into the lengthy details of my thoughts on this matter, let me share the definition of the two subjects that are crucial to this conversation: attribution and derivation. The principle of derivation in revenue sharing ensures that revenues from taxes are distributed to the region or jurisdiction where they were generated. For example, if a company generates revenue through sales in a particular state, a portion of the taxes or royalties from that economic activity is returned to the state. The principle of attribution, on the other hand, involves allocating tax revenues based on predefined criteria, such as population size, geographical size, need, national interest, expenditure responsibilities, etc., rather than the location of a tax-generating entity. Thus, revenues are collected nationally and are distributed to states according to agreed-upon formulas. MY VIEW “The present controversy is based on the VAT sharing formula proposed in Section 77 of the Nigeria Tax Administration Bill. I have come to appreciate that the myriad of criticisms against this well-intended bill may be a result of the lack of clarity or understanding of Section 22 (12) of the Bill, which provides for Attribution of VAT Revenue, requiring companies to file their returns on the basis of derivation by location (place of consumption). “This provision, from my understanding, was included to cure an existing problem with our current VAT administration. As it stands today, in the existing system, VAT returns by companies are not filed on the basis of the place of consumption but reported based on the head office locations of these companies. This means that a whopping 20% of VAT returns are distributed back to states where these head offices are located—whether consumption took place there or not; it explains why Lagos, FCT and Rivers always take the largest chunk of VAT under the current regime. “The proposed amendments of the Nigeria Tax Administration Bill offer a different position that emphasises fairness and more equitable distribution of VAT returns. It proposes that VAT will now be reported based on the place of consumption, which will ensure that most of the amounts currently reported for Lagos, FCT and Rivers states will now be reported by where the consumption takes place. “The new rule will ensure that places where consumption took place get 60% of the amounts reported for them. For instance, if consumption happens in Niger State, the state would receive 60% of the VAT generated from its jurisdiction, while the balance would be put in a VAT sharing pool, which it (Niger State) would further benefit from. “In my view, this will result in a more favourable outcome for most states when compared to the current regime that favours Lagos, Rivers and FCT. It will more or less redistribute most of the present allocation received by those 3 states. My appeal to NEC, NGF and NEF as well as other stakeholders, is thus: A. We must not make the misjudgment of throwing away the baby with the bathing water. B. Let us carefully look at the benefits of these reforms and weigh the impact on our tax and fiscal space versus the proposed amendments’ ‘perceived shortfalls’. C. There is no single problem on earth that is without a solution. In this light, we should think out of the box and suggest workable solutions to address or fix these perceived shortfalls, or we will be condemned to having our cap in hand at the doorsteps of the World Bank and IMF Headquarters more frequently than ever. D. On a personal note and based on my little experience as a tax accountant, consultant and administrator, I would suggest to all stakeholders, particularly the National Assembly, to go ahead and consider the bill, pass it to law, and have Mr. President sign same, but provided the proposed amendments to the VAT law will be implemented in phases bearing in mind the following: 1. FIRS is currently undergoing its own reforms; the FIRS Establishment Act has been re-presented to the NASS and is receiving their attention simultaneously. For FIRS to be able to function as envisaged by the proposed changes or amendments to the FIRS Act, then it must first fix the roof over its head to ensure that if any storm arises tomorrow, revenue administration officials and our money entrusted in their hands would be safe. 2. ⁠FIRS must also fix the issue of fiscalisation within the next three to five years from now. The need for fiscalisation is one of the key amendments proposed in the Nigeria Tax Administration Bill before the NASS. Fiscalisation is the process of using technology, like cash registers or POS systems, to ensure businesses comply with tax laws by automatically recording and reporting their sales to tax authorities. It is an expensive project and will not only require political will at the centre but also at the sub-national level. To achieve it, the FG, FIRS and FAAC must be ready to jointly fund this project. It is important because it will bring about transparency and accountability as well as address the issue of subjectivity, which is mainly the fear of the members of NEC, particularly the NGF. I must emphasize that Fiscalisation cannot happen without data. This brings me to my third point. 3. ⁠The FIRS HQ project should be completed and equipped as a world-class edifice while ensuring that the entire floor historically conceived as the “National Revenue Data Centre” becomes a reality. 4. ⁠Item 2 above (i.e., fiscalisation) will not only address the issue of transparency and accountability; it will also curtail the influence and excesses of vested interests, particularly the tax accountants who are accomplices in the whole of this VAT issue. If the amendment is passed into law and its implementation is not delayed, say by 3 to 5 years, the fear of the stakeholders would be justified because tax accountants are likely to be subjective (or used to being subjective) in the course of filing VAT returns (i.e., VAT attribution) in favour of the states of their choice or those of the choices of some of the political class. As a tax accountant of your company, you know where your customers are located if not all, especially the major ones. But when asked to file their companies’ monthly VAT returns based on the location of their customers, for instance, sentiments come into play. And even with the proposal in Section 77 of the Tax Administration Bill, the subjectivity is likely to continue. Though it was an administrative initiative at FIRS in 2020, I recall that we redesigned the VAT Form 002 that required companies to file their VAT returns based on attribution. Only a few companies (less than 10) complied with our directives nationwide (i.e., file VAT returns based on the location of their customers.) Fiscalisation will help our revenue administrators in many ways including boosting their capacity to generate more revenue for the Federation. It has the capacity to address or track transactions or sales of goods from a customer in one state to the other, particularly cashless transactions. It will also create room for the implementation of a system for immediate tax refunds. 5. Phasing the implementation of the two key controversial but necessary amendments to the VAT law would also assist the states to go back home, sit and weigh the level of financial inclusion in their respective states and address them accordingly. Recent reports on financial inclusion reveal that while you may have an estimated population of 10 million people in a given state for example, less than 2 million of that population would be financially inclusive. In some states, more than 70% of the population do not have a BVN not to talk of a bank account. So as a state governor, your argument that huge consumption is taking place in your state but the current ‘headquarters effect’ is affecting your share of monthly VAT revenue can only be addressed when your resident population are financially inclusive. It goes without saying that your problem would be compounded in the near future if buying and selling of goods continues to happen in your state using cash. Buying and selling of goods and services in this fashion will also affect your ability to improve on your state’s IGR. 6. ⁠The process of input-output mechanism in VAT input claim is another key issue that has been of keen interest to me, and equally needs to be emphasised here. The intended amendments and fiscalisation of Nigeria’s business environment will also help in addressing sharp practices or the abilities of businesses to manipulate the input claim in the course of filing their monthly VAT returns. This is because under the current regime, if an item is purchased in Lagos and taken to Kano for example, the Kano company will not be able to claim the input VAT if the Lagos company fails to correctly disclose the location of its output VAT. With fiscalisation the input claim of the Kano company will simply expose the Lagos company. In my view, the following four (4) factors will drive compliance with the proposed tax reform bills, and this will mean more revenue to share to the states: 1. Attribution is now clearly provided in the law. It is no longer an administrative decision or at the discretion of the FIRS or tax accountants working for or representing VAT agents nationwide. 2. There is now a strong political will to drive tax reforms, this means that tax laws will not only be passed but will be well enforced going forward in Nigeria. 3. Technology deployment for VAT invoicing and fiscalisation is clearly provided in the new bills, with the attendant administrative processes that are ongoing to implement same. It will no longer be at the discretion of companies to determine who bought what—technology will. 4. The processes and challenges in Input-Output mechanism in VAT input claims will now be addressed using technology. Finally, the many benefits of these bills are excellent. It behoves us to give the NASS our support to pass them into law. But I hold that we should do so on the following conditions: A. That the implementation of the Tax Administration Bill should be phased. B. That the implementation (i.e., the effective date) of the proposed amendments to Section 77 of the Tax Administration Bill should be delayed for at least three to five years to enable all parties to plan and invest in technology and the relevant infrastructure. C. FIRS should administratively prepare the minds of all stakeholders, particularly the VAT agents, lawyers and tax accountants, on the need to honestly file VAT returns based on attribution as a first step, because Section 26 of the FIRS Establishment Act (as it is today) is adequate enough for them to call for VAT returns based on attribution from all VAT agents in Nigeria. D. The current sharing formula should be used in distributing revenue accruable from VAT to all parties, and all parties within the next three to five years (that the amendment is expected to take effect) would have played their part so that there would be equity, transparency and accountability as intended by the proposed amendments to the VAT law. Muhammad Nami, a tax accountant and consultant, is the immediate past Executive Chairman of the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) and Joint Tax Board. He was also the President of the Commonwealth Association of Tax Administrators (CATA). Related Topics: Muhammad Nami Phyna VAT Don't Miss Aviation safety: Are airlines regulating the regulators? You may like Phyna disowns family, drops surname Arabinrin Aderonke: Tax Reform Bill: VAT as a consumption tax DNA test should be made compulsory after birth – Phyna Why VAT proposal is generating controversy – Oyedele, Tax Committee Chair Hardship: Nigerian govt removes VAT on cooking gas, CNG, diesel VeryDarkMan invites Phyna to a date amidst legal battle with Falanas Advertise About Us Contact Us Privacy-Policy Terms Copyright © Daily Post Media Ltd

Stocks closed higher on Wall Street, giving the market its fifth gain in a row and notching another record high for the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The S&P 500 rose 0.3% Friday. The Dow added 1%, and the Nasdaq composite tacked on 0.2%. Retailers had some of the biggest gains. Gap soared after reporting quarterly results that easily beat analysts’ estimates. EchoStar fell after DirecTV called off its purchase of that company’s Dish Network unit. European markets closed mostly higher and Asian markets ended mixed. On Friday: The S&P 500 rose 20.63 points, or 0.3%, to 5,969.34. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 426.16 points, or 1%, to 44,296.51. The Nasdaq composite rose 31.23 points, or 0.2%, to 19,003.65. The Russell 2000 index of smaller companies rose 42.65 points, or 1.8%, to 2,406.67. For the week: The S&P 500 is up 98.72 points, or 1.7%. The Dow is up 851.52 points, or 2%. The Nasdaq is up 323.53 points, or 1.7%. The Russell 2000 is up 102.84 points, or 4.5%. For the year: The S&P 500 is up 1,199.51 points, or 25.1%. The Dow is up 6,606.97 points, or 17.5%. The Nasdaq is up 3,992.30 points, or 26.6%. The Russell 2000 is up 379.60 points, or 18.7%.'Teachers impact in changing lives of students'

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