Peaches spread across North America through Indigenous networks November 22, 2024 Penn State Spanish explorers may have brought the first peach pits to North America, but Indigenous communities helped the ubiquitous summer fruit really take root, according to a new study. Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIN Email Spanish explorers may have brought the first peach pits to North America, but Indigenous communities helped the ubiquitous summer fruit really take root, according to a study led by a researcher at Penn State. The study, published in Nature Communications , shows that Indigenous political and social networks and land use practices played key roles in the peach's adoption and dispersal across the continent, according to the researchers. "Peaches need a lot of care by people to be productive. They need to be planted in appropriate places with a lot of sunlight and the right soil drainage, and they need to be pruned," said Jacob Holland-Lulewicz, first author and assistant professor of anthropology at Penn State. "For a long time, the narrative was that the Spanish introduced peaches and then peaches spread very quickly. The reality is way more complicated. How quickly peaches spread is very much a product of Indigenous networks and land management." The researchers analyzed historical documents that mentioned peaches, such as the travel writings of French missionary explorer Jacques Marquette and English merchant Jonathan Dickinson. They also employed radiocarbon dating -- a method that measures the decay of radioactive carbon-14 atoms in organic material -- to determine the approximate ages of peach pits and other organic samples, like carbonized tree wood, from 28 archaeological sites and two regional locales where archaeologists previously recovered preserved peach pits. The sites were located in the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Tennessee and Arkansas. The team found that peaches were likely widespread across Indigenous settlements in the interior southeast as early as the year 1620, roughly 100 years after the earliest Spanish expeditions in Florida and in Georgia's Oconee Valley. The timing suggests that early Spanish settlements becoming important trade nodes within existing Indigenous networks created the necessary conditions for the spread of peaches, according to Holland-Lulewicz. "Many narratives talk about the Spanish, or Europeans generally, arriving and then you see instantaneous changes to Indigenous histories and the spread of materials, but those initial interactions didn't cause major changes," he said. "It's not until Spanish networks and Indigenous networks become entangled 100 years later that we have the necessary conditions for the spread of peaches." The team also identified what are possibly the earliest peaches in North America at a Muskogean farmstead in the Oconee Valley. In the 1990s, the late Penn State archaeologist James Hatch recovered peach pits from the bottom of post holes that once housed support structures for the farmstead's house. The researchers radiocarbon dated charcoal, nuts and corn kernels from these post holes and found that occupation at the site began between 1520 and 1550 and ended between 1530 and 1570. This timing suggests that peaches had spread to the interior southeast possibly decades before the founding of St. Augustine in 1565, according to the researchers. "Understanding the path that the introduction of species, such as peach trees, took through colonization and the role that Indigenous people and their long-term relationship with the environment played in shaping these histories demonstrates the importance of these events, people and processes to what becomes a broader American history," said co-author Victor Thompson, Distinguished Research Professor of archaeology at the University of Georgia (UGA) and executive director of the Georgia Museum of Natural History. "Further, the fact that all of this work took place on museum specimens underscores the importance of maintaining these collections for future study." Indigenous peoples not only adopted the peach but selectively bred new varieties outnumbering the varieties found in Europe even at this early time, Holland-Lulewicz said. "When Europeans started to move through and into the interior of the continent in the mid- to late 1600s, they noted that there were way more varieties of peaches being grown by Indigenous peoples than there were in Europe," he said, explaining that the fruit had become an important aspect of Indigenous culture. "At this time, Europeans are noting really dense peach orchards around Indigenous towns, but some of these towns and people had never previously interacted with or even heard of Europeans. In fact, there are records of Indigenous peoples describing peaches as an Indigenous fruit." The fruit had become so integral to Indigenous history and culture that when the ancestors of the modern-day Muscogee (Creek) Nation were forcibly removed from Georgia and Alabama during the 1800s, they took peaches with them. "There are Muscogee (Creek) peoples today who grow peaches as heritage crops," Holland-Lulewicz said. "The act of growing and caring for those peaches is an important cultural practice. These were the first peaches introduced in the 1500s and 1600s that were then carried halfway across the continent and continue to be grown today." In addition to Holland-Lulewicz and Thompson, other collaborators include Amanda Roberts Thompson and Mark Williams at the UGA Laboratory of Archaeology, and Dario J. Chavez, University of Georgia; RaeLynn Butler, the Secretary of Culture and Humanities for the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, and Turner Hunt, Muscogee (Creek) Nation citizen; Jay Franklin, Logan Simpson Design; and John Worth, University of West Florida. The UGA Laboratory of Archaeology and the Institute of Energy and the Environment at Penn State supported this work. Story Source: Materials provided by Penn State . Original written by Francisco Tutella. 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CLEVELAND, Ohio — Cavs forward Dean Wade is ready to go. Sources tell cleveland.com that Wade, who missed the previous six games because of a sprained ankle suffered on Nov. 17, will return to Cleveland’s lineup for Tuesday’s NBA Cup showdown with the Washington Wizards. Officially listed as questionable on the injury report, sources say Wade will come off the bench in a reserve role and his minutes being monitored throughout. More Cavs coverage Kenny Atkinson’s record start with Cavs leads to NBA award What Jameis Winston’s record-setting night means for the 2025 Browns; Darius Garland’s big challenge: Terry’s Talkin’ podcast How will Max Strus and Dean Wade’s returns impact the Cavs? Wine and Gold Talk podcast Who are The 40 Most Influential People in Cleveland Sports when it comes to fan happiness? See our list and how we ranked them. Even though coach Kenny Atkinson spoke Sunday about not expecting Wade to play Tuesday night, effectively ruling him out as he wanted Wade to go through a full-contact practice before making his official return, sources say Wade convinced the coaches and trainers he was physically ready with a 3-on-3 workout Monday afternoon at the team’s practice facility. He then went through Tuesday’s shootaround without issue. A part-time starter and key reserve, Wade is averaging 5.5 points and 4.2 rebounds in 13 games this season. Injuries have been a problem for the 6-foot-9 Wade throughout his career. He missed the final 19 games of the 2023-24 regular season because of a knee injury that also sidelined him for a duration of the playoffs. In his six-year NBA career, Wade has yet to play a full season.

39 Skincare Products From Amazon Our Readers Loved In 2024Jagan Slam Naidu Govt Over Education FailuresSouth Korea lifts president's martial law decree after lawmakers vote against itI'm A Celebrity fans have been left conflicted during this year's series as they all have the same 'wish' for the remaining campmates. Three celebrities have left the camp - Loose Women star Jane Moore, radio DJ Dean McCullough and N-Dubz singer Tulisa Contostavlos - and one of the campmates will become the fourth to leave tonight. However, it seems viewers at home can't decide who should go next and are begging bosses to let all of the remaining campmates stay in the jungle. READ MORE: ITV I'm A Celebrity's Rev Richard Coles' 80s pop band past before becoming a priest Fans have taken to social media to say how much they are enjoying all of the campmates this year, with many admitting that they don't mind who wins the show this year. "I actually like everyone that still left in it, every single one of them actually deserve to win," one viewer wrote on X, formerly Twitter . Another said: "Any one of these remaining could win and you couldn't hate any one of them." A third wrote: "No because I don’t want to see anyone else voted off, they should all win. Can we just have another week of them in the jungle for fun?" Another echoed the sentiment, asking: "I don’t want anyone to leave, please can we just let them all stay and do the cyclone?" Another made the same request, writing: "I really don’t want any of these celebs to leave can they just stay, i’ve started to like the ones i was feeling iffy about." "I really don’t Want anyone to leave such a lovely bunch this year," another said. "I wish they could all win," somebody else said. A final fan wrote: "For me this is the first year I won’t be disappointed whoever wins. I think they have picked the nicest celebrities on TV." Viewers saw the campmates have a discussion about fame in Tuesday night's episode. Sat around the camp fire, the campmates discussed the point at which they knew they were famous. Speaking of his time in The Communards, Reverend Richard Coles told his fellow celebrities: "I remember we were playing in Ireland and we were booked into a sports stadium, we came on stage and there was this barrage of knickers. All these girls threw their knickers!" McFly star Danny Jones shared a similar story, saying: "For me, it was the fans waiting outside CD:UK and then when we left girls were chasing the car and I was like, ‘What has gone on!’ It was scary because they were banging on the windows." Boxer Barry McGuigan told the camp how he won the Commonwealth gold medal at 17, and he came home to a quarter of a million people in Dublin. Love Island star Maura Higgins said arriving back to Heathrow Airport after her stint on the dating show was "mayhem".

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Essex Financial Services Inc. cut its position in NVIDIA Co. ( NASDAQ:NVDA – Free Report ) by 3.9% in the 3rd quarter, according to its most recent filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The firm owned 191,435 shares of the computer hardware maker’s stock after selling 7,818 shares during the quarter. NVIDIA comprises about 1.1% of Essex Financial Services Inc.’s portfolio, making the stock its 11th biggest holding. Essex Financial Services Inc.’s holdings in NVIDIA were worth $23,248,000 at the end of the most recent reporting period. Several other institutional investors have also added to or reduced their stakes in the company. Barnes Pettey Financial Advisors LLC boosted its stake in NVIDIA by 0.7% in the 3rd quarter. Barnes Pettey Financial Advisors LLC now owns 19,737 shares of the computer hardware maker’s stock valued at $2,397,000 after purchasing an additional 134 shares during the period. State of Alaska Department of Revenue boosted its stake in NVIDIA by 6.0% in the 3rd quarter. State of Alaska Department of Revenue now owns 3,207,781 shares of the computer hardware maker’s stock valued at $389,552,000 after purchasing an additional 180,501 shares during the period. Carret Asset Management LLC boosted its stake in NVIDIA by 16.7% in the 3rd quarter. Carret Asset Management LLC now owns 62,638 shares of the computer hardware maker’s stock valued at $7,607,000 after purchasing an additional 8,981 shares during the period. Bay Harbor Wealth Management LLC boosted its stake in NVIDIA by 29.5% in the 3rd quarter. Bay Harbor Wealth Management LLC now owns 2,706 shares of the computer hardware maker’s stock valued at $329,000 after purchasing an additional 617 shares during the period. Finally, Paradigm Strategies in Wealth Management LLC bought a new stake in NVIDIA in the 3rd quarter valued at $265,000. 65.27% of the stock is currently owned by institutional investors. Insider Buying and Selling at NVIDIA In related news, CFO Colette Kress sold 66,670 shares of the business’s stock in a transaction dated Friday, September 20th. The stock was sold at an average price of $116.59, for a total transaction of $7,773,055.30. Following the completion of the transaction, the chief financial officer now directly owns 4,954,214 shares in the company, valued at $577,611,810.26. The trade was a 1.33 % decrease in their ownership of the stock. The transaction was disclosed in a filing with the Securities & Exchange Commission, which is available through this hyperlink . Also, CEO Jen Hsun Huang sold 120,000 shares of the company’s stock in a transaction dated Monday, September 9th. The stock was sold at an average price of $105.33, for a total value of $12,639,600.00. Following the completion of the transaction, the chief executive officer now owns 75,895,836 shares of the company’s stock, valued at $7,994,108,405.88. The trade was a 0.16 % decrease in their ownership of the stock. The disclosure for this sale can be found here . Insiders have sold a total of 1,796,986 shares of company stock worth $214,418,399 over the last ninety days. 4.23% of the stock is currently owned by company insiders. NVIDIA Stock Performance NVIDIA ( NASDAQ:NVDA – Get Free Report ) last issued its earnings results on Wednesday, November 20th. The computer hardware maker reported $0.81 earnings per share (EPS) for the quarter, beating the consensus estimate of $0.69 by $0.12. The firm had revenue of $35.08 billion for the quarter, compared to analyst estimates of $33.15 billion. NVIDIA had a return on equity of 114.83% and a net margin of 55.69%. The business’s revenue was up 93.6% on a year-over-year basis. During the same period in the previous year, the company posted $0.38 earnings per share. As a group, analysts anticipate that NVIDIA Co. will post 2.76 EPS for the current year. NVIDIA declared that its board has initiated a share repurchase program on Wednesday, August 28th that permits the company to repurchase $50.00 billion in shares. This repurchase authorization permits the computer hardware maker to repurchase up to 1.6% of its stock through open market purchases. Stock repurchase programs are often a sign that the company’s management believes its shares are undervalued. NVIDIA Announces Dividend The company also recently announced a quarterly dividend, which will be paid on Friday, December 27th. Shareholders of record on Thursday, December 5th will be paid a $0.01 dividend. The ex-dividend date of this dividend is Thursday, December 5th. This represents a $0.04 annualized dividend and a dividend yield of 0.03%. NVIDIA’s payout ratio is presently 1.57%. Analyst Upgrades and Downgrades Several research firms recently issued reports on NVDA. Phillip Securities restated an “accumulate” rating and issued a $160.00 price target (up from $155.00) on shares of NVIDIA in a research note on Friday, November 22nd. Barclays upped their target price on NVIDIA from $145.00 to $160.00 and gave the stock an “overweight” rating in a report on Thursday, November 21st. Needham & Company LLC upped their target price on NVIDIA from $145.00 to $160.00 and gave the stock a “buy” rating in a report on Thursday, November 21st. Oppenheimer reissued an “outperform” rating and issued a $175.00 price target on shares of NVIDIA in a research note on Thursday, November 21st. Finally, Craig Hallum increased their price target on NVIDIA from $125.00 to $165.00 and gave the company a “buy” rating in a research note on Thursday, August 29th. Four equities research analysts have rated the stock with a hold rating, thirty-nine have given a buy rating and one has given a strong buy rating to the company’s stock. According to data from MarketBeat, NVIDIA presently has an average rating of “Moderate Buy” and an average target price of $164.15. Read Our Latest Stock Analysis on NVIDIA NVIDIA Profile ( Free Report ) NVIDIA Corporation provides graphics and compute and networking solutions in the United States, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, and internationally. The Graphics segment offers GeForce GPUs for gaming and PCs, the GeForce NOW game streaming service and related infrastructure, and solutions for gaming platforms; Quadro/NVIDIA RTX GPUs for enterprise workstation graphics; virtual GPU or vGPU software for cloud-based visual and virtual computing; automotive platforms for infotainment systems; and Omniverse software for building and operating metaverse and 3D internet applications. Featured Articles Five stocks we like better than NVIDIA Using the MarketBeat Stock Split Calculator Fast-Growing Companies That Are Still Undervalued Basic Materials Stocks Investing Top Cybersecurity Stock Picks for 2025 Roth IRA Calculator: Calculate Your Potential Returns Archer or Joby: Which Aviation Company Might Rise Fastest? Want to see what other hedge funds are holding NVDA? Visit HoldingsChannel.com to get the latest 13F filings and insider trades for NVIDIA Co. ( NASDAQ:NVDA – Free Report ). Receive News & Ratings for NVIDIA Daily - Enter your email address below to receive a concise daily summary of the latest news and analysts' ratings for NVIDIA and related companies with MarketBeat.com's FREE daily email newsletter .None