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best sport betting app Indian researchers have proposed a theory for a sustainable wastewater treatment method using a microalgae-bacterial consortium to remove toxic ammonium. The method, proposed in a recently published study , leverages algae’s photosynthesis mechanism to produce oxygen, cutting energy costs by up to 90% compared to traditional aeration methods. This is pertinent given that India’s wastewater situation is critical. According to a 2022 Niti Aayog report , India generates approximately 39,604 million litres per day of wastewater in rural regions, while in the urban centres, the wastewater generation has been estimated as 72,368 MLD for the year 2020-’21. Most of the wastewater in India is generated from agricultural runoff, industrial effluents, and sewage, all of which contain various toxic chemicals. One of the most concerning pollutants in significant quantities is ammonium. Formed from gaseous ammonia, ammonium is a highly toxic nitrogen compound that can exist as nitrate, nitrite, or ammonia. It poses serious risks to living organisms, being lethal to animal cells and harmful to aquatic life. Ammonium can also cause water acidification and contribute to eutrophication, where excessive nutrients in the water lead to harmful algal blooms. “It is crucial to remove ammonium from wastewater to prevent damage to aquatic life and maintain the overall quality of surface and groundwater,” says Kannan Pakshirajan, a professor in the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. He further explains, “Ammonia can harm mammalian cells and human health due to its potential to alter water pH. Drinking water is typically slightly alkaline, and if its pH becomes acidic, it becomes unfit for consumption.” Cost-effective way Traditional ammonium removal methods involve oxygenation, which is energy-intensive, accounting for up to 90% of a treatment plant’s energy consumption. Pakshirajan and his team have developed an approach for wastewater treatment using a microalgae-bacterial consortium, specifically targeting ammonium removal. “Biological methods, such as those involving microorganisms in anaerobic digestion, are preferred over chemical methods for ammonium removal due to their environmental sustainability and lower energy requirements,” Pakshirajan explains. Men with lines and rods catch fish at Mustoor lake in Chikkaballapur district. The quality of fish in these lakes that are filled with treated wastewater from Bengaluru has gone down, resulting in eutrophication evident from the concentration of algae. Credit: Arathi Menon/Mongabay. The study authors note that traditional ammonium removal methods often come with significant drawbacks, including high energy costs and the generation of waste-activated sludge. “The first step is converting ammonia into another, less harmful nitrogen species like nitrite or nitrate through oxidation. For this, we need to supply oxygen. What is often done is, we aerate the system by means of any pumping mechanism or mechanical operations or even supply pure air into the system by compressed air and so on. This is energy consuming, and the major cost involved in the wastewater treatment,” according to Pakshirajan. In contrast, the new system is self-activated and leverages the microalgae’s ability to produce oxygen through photosynthesis, reducing the need for external aeration. This can potentially save 50%-90% in energy costs. While chemical methods are also commonly used to remove ammonium, Pakshirajan emphasises that the new approach is a green technology that aligns with the country’s sustainability goals. “Using chemicals may be faster, but it often requires more energy, which is not favourable for the environment,” he says. Using light and algae The team designed a photo-sequencing batch reactor where ammonia is first converted into a less toxic form, such as nitrate, and eventually into nitrogen, the least toxic form. This is a biological process involving both bacteria and microalgae. Ammonia oxidation to nitrogen requires oxygen, while nitrate conversion to nitrogen occurs under anoxic conditions. The microalgae-bacterial consortium facilitates this process. The algae produce oxygen through photosynthesis, which supports ammonia oxidation, and in the absence of light, they not only stop producing oxygen but also consume the remaining oxygen. “During the conversion of ammonia to nitrate and nitrate to nitrite, a significant amount of oxygen is required. We can regulate this oxygen demand by exposing the algae to light and blocking it – what we call the light and dark cycle. This process is what we refer to as the photo-activated sludge process,” Pakshirajan explains. In this system, the “sludge” is a microbial flock composed of algae, ammonia-oxidising bacteria, nitrate-oxidizing bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria. The system can operate in batches, continuously, or sequencing batch modes, depending on the wastewater treatment needs, the paper notes. A dog drinks water from a puddle. Harmful toxins like ammonium in wastewater can be detrimental to the health of humans and animals. Credit: JacLou-Dl, via Pexels. The absorption of ammonia by the bacteria manifests as increased biomass which is advantageous, says Pakshirajan. When more biomass is present and there is more light, more oxygen will be produced through photosynthesis. “So, this way, both the algae and the bacteria and so are we,” he points out. Pakshirajan describes this approach as a cost-effective, nature-based solution for wastewater treatment. “On one hand, we use entirely natural substances, mimicking the natural processes of ammonium absorption, and on the other, we reduce the costs associated with aeration, oxygen supply, and pumping that are typically involved in traditional systems,” he explains. TV Ramachandra, a scientist at the Centre for Ecological Science, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, says he believes the concept is well-known. “A microalgae-bacterial consortium is often used at the inlet of lakes,” says Ramachandra, who has led lake rejuvenation efforts in Bengaluru. While he acknowledges that the concept itself is not novel, he commends the modelling approach developed in the study. However, he suggests that incorporating more field samples would have likely yielded better results. Pakshirajan also points out some limitations of the study. “Since ammonia is toxic, higher concentrations can hinder the efficiency of ammonia-oxidising bacteria,” he notes. However, he adds that the ammonium concentration in wastewater typically falls within the tolerable range for these bacteria, so this is not a major concern. This article was first published on Mongabay .

PHILADELPHIA — Saquon Barkley rushed for 167 yards to top 2,000 on the season, backup quarterback Kenny Pickett ran and threw for scores before departing with injured ribs, and the Philadelphia Eagles clinched the NFC East title by routing the Dallas Cowboys, 41-7, on Sunday. Barkley (Penn State) has 2,005 yards and needs 101 in next week’s mostly meaningless regular-season finale to top Eric Dickerson and his 2,105 yards for the Los Angeles Rams in 1984. The Eagles (13-3) led 24-7 in the third quarter when Pickett was drilled by defensive end Micah Parsons, ending his first start in place of the concussed Jalen Hurts. Tanner McKee, a career third-stringer, entered the game, and the Eagles finished the drive with a field goal. McKee later threw two TD passes, a 20-yarder to A.J. Brown and a 25-yarder to DeVonta Smith, in front of a roaring crowd delighted to watch the Eagles dominate their fiercest rival to wrap up the division title and at least the No. 2 seed in the NFC. Hurts was injured in last week’s loss at Washington and remains in the NFL’s concussion protocol — he didn’t practice all week — which opened the door for Pickett to start. Pickett, acquired from Pittsburgh in the offseason, played with extra protection under his jersey after he suffered a rib injury when he was pressed into service against the Commanders. Sore ribs or not, Pickett was pumped for this start all week. The Pitt product was raised a diehard Eagles fan in central New Jersey about 80 miles from Lincoln Financial Field and recalled “great memories” of going to games with his dad and grandfather since he was 5 years old. The 26-year-old Pickett said he had plenty of family at the Linc to cheer him on against Dallas (7-9). More than 60,000 other Eagles rooted him on, too, but Pickett’s dream day ended prematurely. He finished 10 of 15 for 143 yards. With the Eagles no longer having a division title to play for, it’s likely Hurts will rest another week ahead of the playoffs. Now, Pickett could be sidelined as well — possibly forcing McKee into the starting lineup. Barkley had 31 carries and his last one went for 23 yards to push him over 2,000. He could also sit out rather than risk injury chasing Dickerson’s record. Barkley, who left the Giants and signed a three-year deal with the Eagles for $26 million guaranteed, set the NFL mark for most yards rushing in a player’s first season with a new team. The friends and family that traveled to see Pickett play had to wait a bit after Eagles safety C.J. Gardner-Johnson returned an interception 69 yards for a score on Dallas’ opening drive. Cooper Rush — who threw for 147 yards and had two interceptions — followed on the next drive for Dallas with a 4-yard TD pass to Jalen Tolbert. Pickett connected with Grant Calcaterra for 34 yards and then hit Smith — who had six catches total for 120 yards — for a 22-yard score and a 14-7 lead. The Eagles’ defense broke the game open for Pickett when a recovered fumble led to Jake Elliott’s 31-yard field goal and Gardner-Johnson’s second pick of the day set up Pickett’s rushing score on a tush push. Just like Hurts. Pickett, who completed 10 of 15 passes for 143 yards, took two tough shots on the same drive on the third: Odighizuwa was flagged for roughing the passer on a late hit and Parsons delivered the knockout blow. The Eagles were thrilled to have a capable backup QB who went 14-10 as a starter with the Steelers. His performance prompted Pittsburgh legend and Fox broadcaster Terry Bradshaw to say the Steelers never should have gotten rid of him.New 2025 laws hit hot topics from AI in movies to rapid-fire guns

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The standard Lorem Ipsum passage, used since the 1500s "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum." Section 1.10.32 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC "Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur?" Thanks for your interest in Kalkine Media's content! To continue reading, please log in to your account or create your free account with us.No snow. No Myles Garrett WWE-style trash-talking interviews. No George Pickens dust-ups at the end of the game. No Pickens at all , actually . He was out with a hamstring injury. In other words, Game 2 between the Pittsburgh Steelers and Cleveland Browns couldn’t have been more different from Game 1 in Cleveland on Nov. 21. That goes all the way to the final score. The Browns won the first edition 24-19. The Steelers took the rematch 27-14 Sunday at Acrisure Stadium. That means Cleveland still hasn’t swept the Steelers in a season series since 1988, and the Browns haven’t won in Pittsburgh during the regular seasons since 2003. Part of their undoing Sunday were ill-timed turnovers, poor coaching decisions on possession downs, and nine penalties, many of which were post-whistle or pre-snap brain cramps. So I guess while some things change, others never do. Here’s this week’s “ Feats of Strengths ” and “ Airing of Grievances ” after the Steelers improved to 10-3 and the Browns sank to 3-10. Making the most of it : After a putrid first half on offense without Pickens, the Steelers adjusted and got in gear in the second half. As has often been the case this year, the Steelers were much better after halftime. They scored on their first two possessions of the third quarter, banging out scoring drives of eight plays for 67 yards and five plays for 46 yards. “W e simplified what we were doing — the runs that we wanted to stick to, getting ready for some zero blitz in gotta-have-it moments, ” guard Isaac Seumalo said of the second-half approach. “ Kudos to the coaches. They had good second-half adjustments for us .” Quarterback Russell Wilson racked up 49 yards passing during that initial possession of the second half. He had only 46 yards in all of the first half. Pat Freiermuth was a key component on both drives. He had a 31-yard catch on a third-and-10 to keep the first drive alive. He caught a touchdown of 20 yards on the second drive. Better the second time around : The Steelers were eaten up along their offensive line of scrimmage in Cleveland, especially in the first half. They did a much better job Sunday in the rematch. “W atching the film, they were more aggressive than us in the first game. We wanted to come blazing and impose our will, ” tackle Dan Moore said. “ I think it was just a matter of executing up front, just the mindset that we went into this game with. I thought the coaches did a really good job with our game plan switching things up (without Pickens) right before game time .” Seumalo specifically credited Moore for his work against Garrett. He was silent for most of the day until the fourth quarter when he registered a fumble recovery and a sack on consecutive drives. He was credited with just three tackles on the day , and he was held without a sack. In fact, that was the only sack Wilson absorbed all day despite throwing 26 times. Making it tough : The Steelers defense made the Browns work hard for just about every yard they got. For the most part , they kept a lid on what the Browns did offensively. Through the first three quarters, Cleveland quarterback Jameis Winston was averaging less than 5 yards per pass attempt. “I thought we did a good job of bottling up, not letting the extended plays beat us, ” defensive captain Cameron Heyward said. “ It was a coordinated rush. The outside (rushers) not getting too far upfield. The inside pressure understanding that you might have two gaps instead of one .” Running back Nick Chubb did pop a 19-yard run. Aside from that, though, he was limited to 29 yards on his other 10 attempts. Jerome Ford had only 28 yards on 10 carries. Notes of recognition : There were some individual standouts on defense, particularly Keeanu Benton. He had a key interception of Winston. With the Browns leading 7-3, the defensive lineman managed to pick off a pass after Beanie Bishop got in Winston’s face. The Steelers converted that turnover into a touchdown. Heyward also stood out with two sacks and five total tackles. In the secondary, DeShon Elliott had 13 total tackles and a pass breakup, and James Pierre had a fourth-quarter interception. As for cornerback Joey Porter Jr., he didn’t get flagged for any defensive holding or pass-interference penalties after drawing six last week. Porter did get one for shoving a Browns player after a first-half play, though. At the linebacker level, Patrick Queen had 10 tackles, Alex Highsmith had a sack in his return game after a three-game absence and T.J. Watt was strong in the run game with four tackles, even though he was held without a sack for the second time this year against the Browns. Back on track : The loss in Cleveland was one of the few times this year when the Steelers came out on the negative side of the special teams game. That wasn’t the case Sunday. Chris Boswell made both of his field-goal attempts, including one from 54 yards. Meanwhile, Dustin Hopkins missed both of his attempts. Corliss Waitman punted six times for an average of 52 yards, including a 60-yard effort. He also bombed a 58-yarder that drove returner Kadarius Toney back to his own 20. As he was backpedaling in an attempt to catch it, he fumbled and Ben Skowronek pounced on it. The Steelers gained a first down on that ensuing exchange of possession and were able to wind out the clock and win the game. AIRING OF GRIEVANCES Offensive offense : The passing attack in the first half was completely feckless without Pickens. Wilson was just 8 of 16 for 46 yards. The Browns were utterly unintimidated by any of his receiving options. Yet, the Steelers threw almost as many times (16) as they ran (17) in the first. That’s despite the fact that Najee Harris was averaging 5 yards per carry at halftime, and Jaylen Warren was at 4.8 yards per attempt. What we witnessed Sunday was exactly what critics of the Steelers have been saying for months about the wide receivers. There is no “ Plan A ” if Pickens ever gets hurt. Well, now he is hurt and the Steelers have no go-to guy on the route tree. The Steelers were wise to get rid of Diontae Johnson for Donte Jackson. However, they were silly to do so without any plan whatsoever to replace Johnson as a No. 2 option. Apparently, the best they could do is Mike Williams, and they only throw him the ball when they absolutely have to do so. The offensive coaches also made life even more difficult on themselves than they needed with some curious personnel usage. There was one drive in the first half when the Steelers faced a third down and had Calvin Austin, Freiermuth and Harris on the bench. Out of the locker room : The Steelers had a really bumpy start to begin the second half. Ford had a 56-yard kick return to open the third quarter. That was followed by Porter’s penalty on the next snap. Fortunately for the Steelers, they managed to avoid damage because Hopkins missed his second field goal of the day. Between Hopkins and Justin Tucker of Baltimore this year, those two are trying to regenerate Acrisure Stadium’s old reputation of being a horror show for kickers — except of course for the guy who kicks here every home game. Zebra zeros : The officials (and replay assist) had their negative moments as well . In the first quarter, referee Land Clark dropped the latest flag in the history of football after a third-down incompletion. The Steelers were lined up and ready to punt on fourth down before Clark got buzzed to drop an intentional grounding flag that had no impact on the result of the drive. On the next drive, Highsmith was hit for a typically bogus, typically soft roughing the passer call.

NEW YORK CITY, NY / ACCESSWIRE / November 26, 2024 / The RENN Fund, Inc. (NYSE American:RCG) (the "Fund") announced today a record date for the Fund's year-end distribution. The record date will be December 16, 2024 and Pay-Date of December 27, 2024. The Fund will make an announcement on or about December 23, 2024 with the distribution rate per share. As the per share rate will not be available prior to the record date, the Fund will trade with due bills beginning December 16, 2024, and up through and including the last business day prior to the New York Stock Exchange established Ex-Date. The New York Stock Exchange will set the Ex-Date once the per share rate has been announced. Disclosures: Fund shares are subject to investment risk, including possible loss of principal invested. No fund is a complete investment program and you may lose money investing in the Fund. An investment in the Fund may not be appropriate for all investors. Additional information about the Fund, including performance and portfolio characteristics, is available at https://horizonkinetics.com/investment-strategies/renn-fund-inc-nyse-rcg/ . About Horizon Kinetics LLC Horizon Kinetics Holding Corporation (OTC: HKHC), through its subsidiary investment manager, Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC ("Horizon"), is an investment advisory firm and the Investment Advisor to the Fund. Horizon provides independent proprietary research and investment advisory services for long-only and alternative value-based investing strategies, including the full suite of Kinetics Mutual Funds, Inc. The firm has offices in New York City, White Plains, New York and Summit, New Jersey. For more information, please visit Horizon's websites below: http://www.horizonkinetics.com http://www.kineticsfunds.com . Contact: Jay Kesslen Email: jkesslen@horizonkinetics.com Phone: (646) 495-7333 SOURCE: RENN FUND INC View the original on accesswire.comThree Takeaways as Pantoja Snoozes Asakura