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New Delhi, Dec 24 (IANS): Scientists at the Bose Institute, an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), have studied archaea -- a domain of ancient organisms -- to find clues to survival strategies of microorganisms by adapting to harsh conditions with the help of their toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems. Archaea, which means "ancient things" in Greek, are one of the oldest forms of life on Earth and belong to a group called the third domain of life. Many archaea live in some of the harshest environments on Earth, which makes them ideal for studying how life can survive in tough conditions. The team, led by Dr Abhrajyoti Ghosh at the Department of Biological Sciences, explored how certain archaea toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems help these organisms cope with high temperatures. In the study, published in the journal mBio, Ghosh and his team studied a specific TA system in a heat-loving archaeon called Sulfolobus acidocaldarius to understand how it helps these organisms. They examined S. acidocaldarius, which lives in environments with hot volcanic pools like Barren Island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India and some other volcanic areas in the world, that can get as hot as 90 degrees Celsius. The detailed analysis of the VapBC4 TA system that helps survival in the high-temperature environment, shows its important role during heat stress. They found that the VapC4 toxin carries out several functions, such as stopping protein production, helping the organism form resilient cells, and influencing biofilm creation. When the cell faces heat stress, a stress-activated protease (which hasn't been identified in archaea yet) may break down the VapB4 protein (which otherwise checks the VapC4 toxin's activity). Once VapB4 is gone, the VapC4 toxin is released and can stop protein production. This block in protein production is part of a survival strategy that helps cells form "persister cells" during stress. These persister cells go into a resting state, conserving energy and avoiding making damaged proteins. This dormancy helps them survive tough conditions until the environment improves, the scientists said.Trump’s DEA nominee withdraws from consideration just days after being picked
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Akil Wright says it would be ‘massive’ if Ross County could end 15-MONTH Premiership away drought at HibsVance Takes on a More Visible Transition Role, Working to Boost Trump's Most Contentious PicksA number of festive foods are urgently being pulled from the supermarket shelves over fears they are riddled with a potentially deadly bacteria - which could trigger meningitis and sepsis . According to the Food Standards Agency, cheeses by Wicklow Farmhouse, including festive favourites brie and cheddar, must be recalled due to a potential presence of Listeria monocytogenes — a type of bacteria that causes a disease called listeriosis, which causes flu-like symptoms, vomiting and diarrhoea in most people. Wicklow Farmhouse cheeses are currently being sold in independent stores as well as Aldi supermarkets in Ireland. In most severe cases of listeriosis, infections may spread to the bloodstream or brain, potentially bringing on meningitis or life-threatening sepsis. Those most at risk include the elderly, young children and anyone with a weakened immune systems, such as cancer patients. Pregnant women are also considered high risk, with almost one in five that get listeriosis suffering a miscarriage or stillbirth. Ballykilty Baking Brie St Killian Cheese Baking St Killian Cheese Wicklow Ban Wicklow Blue Brie St Killians Wicklow Farmhouse Cheddar Wedge Wicklow Gold Tomato & Herb, and Drunken Saint Stores across Ireland stock these cheeses, which have seen the 150g portions and their use-by dates impacted. The recall specifically affected those in Northern Ireland, The Food Safety Agency said, with buyers urged to return them for a full refund with no receipt required. The food watchdog said: "Point of sale notices will be displayed in the retail stores in Northern Ireland that are selling the products." Just a day prior, several other christmas -dinner> Christmas dinner staples were pulled off the shelves due to concerns over customers' health. Products included cabbage, cooked meats and cheeses made by Dunnes in Ireland which were also feared to contain Listeria. Dunnes Stores Wicklow Smoked Cheddar – 150g Dunnes Stores Wicklow Tomato & Herb Cheddar – 150g Dunnes Stores Wicklow Nettle & Chive Cheddar – 150g Dunnes Stores Wicklow Blue Brie – 150g Simply Better Irish Brie Cheese & Cranberry Quiche – 800g Simply Better Wicklow Ban in Ceramic Dish – 150g Simply Better Double Cream Wicklow Ban – 150g Simply Better Farmhouse Irish Cheese Selection – 735g Simply Better & Neven Maguire Cheese Selection – 705g According to the latest data in England and Wales from 2023, there were 177 cases of listeriosis up from 124 in the previous year. Of the cases reported last year, 32 were fatal.
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